Kalanchoe Pinnata - Care Sheet
Overview
Kalanchoe pinnata—also known as Cathedral Bells, Air Plant, Miracle Leaf, Life Plant, and Floppers—is a fascinating, fast-growing succulent prized for its unique scalloped leaves, bell-shaped flowers, and remarkable ability to propagate from leaf cuttings. Native to Madagascar but naturalized in tropical regions worldwide, it’s a rewarding plant for both indoor and outdoor gardeners in warm climates. Its ease of care, striking appearance, and medicinal uses in some cultures make it a standout choice for plant enthusiasts.
Quick Facts
| Scientific name | Kalanchoe pinnata (syn. Bryophyllum pinnatum) |
|---|---|
| Common name | Cathedral Bells, Air Plant, Miracle Leaf, Life Plant, Goethe Plant, Floppers |
| Difficulty | Medium (Beginner-friendly with attention to watering) |
| Pet-safe? | No (Toxic to cats and dogs) |
| Light | Bright, indirect to full sun |
| Water | Let soil dry between waterings; reduce in winter |
| Humidity | Average; no extra humidity needed |
| Temperature | 18–29°C / 65–85°F; min -1°C / 30°F |
| Soil | Light, well-draining potting mix |
| Fertilizer | Monthly liquid feed in growing season; cactus/succulent formula |
| Repotting | Every 1–2 years, or when rootbound |
| Propagation | Leaf cuttings, plantlets (pups), seeds |
Light
Kalanchoe pinnata thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate full sun, especially outdoors in warm climates. Indoors, a south-facing window is ideal, but protect from intense midday sun to prevent leaf scorch. Inadequate light may lead to leggy growth and fewer flowers.
Water
Water deeply when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil is dry, then allow the soil to dry out almost completely before watering again. Overwatering is a common cause of failure—this plant is drought-tolerant and prone to root rot in soggy soil. Reduce watering significantly in autumn and winter when growth slows.
Humidity
Average room humidity is sufficient; Kalanchoe pinnata does not require extra humidity and may suffer in overly damp conditions. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal issues.
Temperature
Keep your plant in a warm environment, ideally between 18–29°C (65–85°F). It can tolerate brief dips to -1°C (30°F) but is not frost-hardy. In cooler climates, bring indoors before the first frost. Avoid cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.
Soil & Potting
Use a light, airy, well-draining potting mix—a cactus or succulent blend works well. If planting outdoors, amend garden soil with organic matter to improve drainage. Ensure pots have drainage holes. Overcrowding can lead to competition and poor growth, so give plants plenty of space.
Feeding
Feed monthly during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer or a slow-release cactus/succulent formula. Avoid fertilizing in autumn and winter when the plant is resting.
Repotting
Repot every 1–2 years, or when the plant becomes rootbound. Spring is the best time. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one to prevent excess soil moisture. Refresh the potting mix to ensure good drainage.
Propagation
Kalanchoe pinnata is famously easy to propagate. Place a healthy leaf on moist soil or even just water—tiny plantlets (pups) will form along the leaf margins. These can be potted up once they develop roots. You can also separate and pot up plantlets that appear at the base of the mother plant. Seeds are an option but less commonly used.
Common Problems
Root Rot
Overwatering is the main culprit. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, mushy stems, and a foul smell. Fix by reducing watering, improving drainage, and repotting in fresh, dry soil if necessary.
Leggy Growth
Insufficient light causes stretched, weak stems. Move the plant to a brighter location and prune back leggy growth to encourage bushiness.
Pests
Mealybugs and aphids may appear, especially indoors. Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil, and isolate affected plants.
Leaf Drop
Sudden leaf drop can result from overwatering, cold drafts, or low light. Adjust care conditions and remove any damaged foliage.
Failure to Flower
Lack of blooms is often due to insufficient light or nutrients. Ensure bright light, proper feeding, and remove competing plantlets that may drain energy from the main plant.
Toxicity & Pet Safety
Kalanchoe pinnata is toxic to cats and dogs if ingested, causing gastrointestinal upset and, in severe cases, heart issues. Keep out of reach of pets. All Kalanchoe species should be considered potentially harmful to animals.
Seasonal Care
In spring and summer, water and feed regularly, and provide plenty of light to encourage growth and flowering. In autumn, reduce watering and stop fertilizing as the plant enters a rest period. Protect from frost in winter—move indoors if necessary. Prune back after flowering to maintain shape and vigor.
Quick Tips
- Let soil dry out between waterings—overwatering is the #1 killer of Kalanchoe pinnata.
- Provide bright, indirect light for best growth and flowering.
- Use a well-draining cactus or succulent mix to prevent root rot.
- Propagate easily from leaf cuttings—just lay a leaf on soil and wait for pups!
- Keep away from pets—this plant is toxic if ingested.
- Remove competing plantlets to focus the plant’s energy on the main stem.
- Repot every 1–2 years in spring to refresh soil and encourage healthy growth.